Supreme Court judgments on Indian Contract Act, 1872

19 judgments, latest first, from 2019 to 2026. Listed when the Supreme Court Reports file the judgment's headnote under this Act, as printed at the start of the headnote. Judgments that only mention it in passing are not listed.

Canara Bank Overseas Branch Rep. by Senior Manager vs Archean Industries Private Limited and Another

SC · 17 March 2026

[2026] 4 S.C.R. 151 : 2026 INSC 247

(i) Whether there is a valid undertaking by way of a guarantee executed by Defendant No.1 and whether Defendant No.1 can absolve from its liability; (ii) Whether the reasons adopted by the Division Bench of the High Cour…

UV Asset Reconstruction Company Limited vs Electrosteel Castings Limited

SC · 6 January 2026

[2026] 1 S.C.R. 130 : 2026 INSC 14

Issue pertains to the interpretation of Clause 2.2 of Deed of Undertaking executed between SREI-original creditor, which subsequently assigned all its rights and interests in favour of the appellant; ESL-borrower; and EC…

Vijaya Bank & Anr. vs Prashant B Narnaware

SC · 14 May 2025

[2025] 6 S.C.R. 240 : 2025 INSC 691

Matter pertains to whether clause 11(k) of the appointment letter that employee to work for minimum three years and in default to pay Rs 2 lakhs as liquidated damages on leaving employment amounts to restraint of trade u…

Rakesh Kumar Verma vs HDFC Bank Ltd.

SC · 8 April 2025

[2025] 5 S.C.R. 78 : 2025 INSC 473

Issue arose whether civil suits could have been instituted in courts in Patna and Delhi by employees in view of the specific clauses in the appointment letter that courts in Mumbai would have exclusive jurisdiction to de…

M/s ABCI Infrastructures Pvt. Ltd. vs Union of India and Others

SC · 14 February 2025

[2025] 3 S.C.R. 128 : 2025 INSC 215

Whether BRO-Border Road Organisation was justified in accepting the bid of Rs.1,569/-, and on the failure of the appellant-L1 bidder to execute the agreement asking for forfeiture vide encashment of bank guarantee of Rs.…

BRS Ventures Investments Ltd. vs SREI Infrastructure Finance Ltd. & Anr.

SC · 23 July 2024

[2024] 7 S.C.R. 2143 : 2024 INSC 548

Whether the payment of Rs.38.87 crores to the financial creditor under the resolution plan of the corporate guarantor will extinguish the liability of the principal borrower/corporate debtor to pay the entire amount paya…

Kaushik Premkumar Mishra & Anr. vs Kanji Ravaria @ Kanji & Anr.

SC · 19 July 2024

[2024] 7 S.C.R. 2295 : 2024 INSC 540

Whether the sale deed dated 02.12.1985 was executed by Respondent No. 2; whether the sale consideration was paid with respect to sale deed dated 02.12.1985; whether the sale deed dated 02.12.1985 was presented for regist…

Vinayak Purshottam Dube (Deceased), Through Lrs vs Jayashree Padamkar Bhat & Others

SC · 1 March 2024

[2024] 3 S.C.R. 127 : 2024 INSC 159

Appellants, legal representatives of the original opposite party-a sole proprietor (since deceased) who had entered into a Development Agreement with the respondents-complainants, if liable to discharge the obligations w…

The Authorised Officer, Central Bank of India vs Shanmugavelu

SC · 2 February 2024

[2024] 2 S.C.R. 12 : 2024 INSC 80

(i)Whether, the underlying principle of Section(s) 73 & 74 respectively of the Contract Act, 1872 Act is applicable to forfeiture of earnestmoney deposit under Rule 9(5) of the SARFAESI Rules. In other words, whether the…

M/s. D. N. Singh vs Commissioner of Income Tax, Central, Patna and Another

SC · 16 May 2023

[2023] 7 S.C.R. 530 : 2023 INSC 543

Income Tax Act, 1961 – s.69A – Scope and applicability of – s.69A deals with unexplained money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable articles – Deeming effect of the provision – When applicable – Ambit of the word ‘owner…

Desh Raj & Ors. vs Rohtash Singh

SC · 14 December 2022

[2022] 18 S.C.R. 65 : 2022 INSC 1279

Contract Act, 1872: s. 55, 74 – Specific Relief Act - s. 22 – Specific performance of agreement - Effect of failure to perform at fixed time, in contract in which time is essential – Refund of earnest money – Appellants,…

Shabbir Mohammad Sayed vs Mrs. Noor Jehan Mushter Shaikh & Ors.

SC · 2 August 2022

[2022] 13 S.C.R. 123 : 2022 INSC 784

Maharashtra Rent Control Tenancy Act, 1999 – s.26 – Contract Act, 1872 – Ratification – The first respondent filed a civil suit against respondent Nos.2-4 (defendant no.1,2 and 3) claiming that they (defendant nos.1 and…

Ptc India Financial Services Limited vs Venkateswarlu Kari and Another

SC · 12 May 2022

[2022] 9 S.C.R. 1063 : 2022 INSC 562

Contract Act, 1872 – Depositories Act, 1996 – Securities and Exchange Board of India (Depositories and Participants) Regulations, 1996 - Whether the Depositories Act, 1996 read with the Regulation 58 of the Securities an…

Shripati Lakhu Mane vs The Member Secretary, Maharashtra Water Supply and Sewerage Board & Ors.

SC · 30 March 2022

[2022] 2 S.C.R. 839 : 2022 INSC 368

Contract Act, 1872: ss.67 and 75 – Neglect or refusal on part of promisee to afford reasonable facilities for performance of the promise – Appellants, a registered contractor of state government, issued a work order for…

Placido Francisco Pinto (D) by Lrs. & Anr. vs Jose Francisco Pinto & Anr.

SC · 30 September 2021

[2021] 10 S.C.R. 676 : 2021 INSC 581

Contract Act, 1872 – s.25 – Suit for possession and accounts filed by appellant no.1 against his younger brother-respondent no.1 (defendant no.1) and his wife-(defendant no.2) alleging that he had purchased the suit prop…

Phoenix Arc Pvt. Ltd. vs Ketulbhai Ramubhai Patel

SC · 3 February 2021

[2021] 1 S.C.R. 1043 : 2021 INSC 59

Insolvency and Bankruptcy code, 2016 – ss. 5(7), 5(8), 3 and 60 – Contract Act, 1872 – ss.124, 126 and 172 –L&T Infrastructure Finance company advanced the financial facility to ‘D’ – A facility agreement was executed be…

Avitel Post Studioz Limited & Ors. vs Hsbc Pi Holdings (Mauritius) Limited

SC · 19 August 2020

[2020] 10 S.C.R. 791 : 2020 INSC 498

Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 – s. 9 – Contract Act, 1872 – ss. 17 and 18 – A Share Subscription Agreement (SSA) and Shareholders’ Agreement (SHA) was entered into between the claimant and the appellants – Both…

Raja Ram vs Jai Prakash Singh and Others

SC · 11 September 2019

[2019] 12 S.C.R. 112 : 2019 INSC 1015

Contract Act, 1872: s. 16 – Undue influence – Inference of – Execution of sale deed by father in favour of his son-respondent – Allegation by appellant-son that respondent no. 1 exercised undue influence over the father…

Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd. vs Tata Communications Ltd.

SC · 27 February 2019

[2019] 4 S.C.R. 885 : 2019 INSC 286

Contract Act, 1872 – ss. 74 and 70 – Compensation for breach of contract where penalty stipulated for – Claim in quantum meruit u/s. 70 when parties governed by contract – Permissibility of – Purchase Order wherein respo…

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