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Supreme Court and High Courts judgments on Examination of accused (Section 313 CrPC)

42 judgments, latest first, from 2018 to 2025. A judgment is listed here when its headnote names this subject: the Supreme Court Reports' own headnote (filed under the provisions below, or naming the subject), or an AI-written headnote that was reviewed and approved. A mention in the full text alone does not count.

Provisions
Section 313, Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 8
Sabiq Rahuman vs State Rep By
Madras HC · 25 October 2025
The appellants, convicted under Section 8(c) read with Section 20(b)(ii)(C) of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, challenged the judgment of the District and Sessions Court (Trial Court for South D…
Ramji Prasad Jaiswal @ Ramjee Prasad Jaiswal and Ors. vs State of Bihar
SC · 20 May 2025
[2025] 6 S.C.R. 582 : 2025 INSC 738
Whether in the facts of the case there was a breach of s.313, CrPC causing prejudice to the appellants and vitiating the trial against them.
Chunni Bai vs State of Chhattisgarh
SC · 28 April 2025
[2025] 4 S.C.R. 1816 : 2025 INSC 577
Whether the accused at the time of commission of crime was incapable of making conscious and informed decision or was suffering from certain mental incapacity or unsoundness of mind; Whether a benefit of doubt may be ext…
Aejaz Ahmad Sheikh vs State of Uttar Pradesh & Anr.
SC · 22 April 2025
[2025] 4 S.C.R. 1507 : 2025 INSC 529
Issue arose as regards the correctness of the order passed by the High Court by which the accused was acquitted of the offence punishable u/s.302 IPC.
Sovaran Singh Prajapati vs The State of Uttar Pradesh
SC · 4 February 2025
[2025] 2 S.C.R. 1890 : 2025 INSC 225
a. Whether the Trial Court followed the basic requirements of a fairly conducted trial, in accordance with well-established prepositions of law, before imposing death sentence upon the Appellant/Accused? b. Whether the H…
Uma & Anr. vs The State Rep. by the Deputy Superintendent of Police
SC · 22 October 2024
[2024] 10 S.C.R. 1757 : 2024 INSC 809
Whether the High Court was able to demonstrate perversity and non-appreciation of the materials on record by the Trial Court while reversing its finding of acquittal.
Smt Uma vs State Of Karnataka By
Karnataka HC · 4 September 2024
The appellants, Smt Uma (Accused No.1) and Sri Shivabasavegowda (Accused No.2), challenged the judgment of conviction and order on sentence dated 19.01.2018 passed by the II Additional District and Sessions Judge, Ramana…
Naresh Kumar vs State of Delhi
SC · 8 July 2024
[2024] 7 S.C.R. 178 : 2024 INSC 464
Non-questioning the appellant convicted u/s.302 r/w s.34, Penal Code, 1860 on the twin incriminating circumstances during his examination u/s.313, Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, if caused material prejudice to him vit…
Indrakunwar vs The State of Chhattisgarh
SC · 19 October 2023
[2023] 14 S.C.R. 959 : 2023 INSC 934
Whether, in explaining the purported incriminating circumstance against her, the convict-appellant ought to have disclosed, over and above denial of any relationship with the deceased child, the specifics of her miscarri…
Raj Kumar @ Suman vs State (NCT of Delhi)
SC · 11 May 2023
[2023] 5 S.C.R. 754 : 2023 INSC 520
RAJ KUMAR @ SUMAN v. STATE (NCT OF DELHI) (Criminal Appeal No. 1471 of 2023) MAY 11, 2023 [ABHAY S. OKA AND RAJESH BINDAL, JJ.] Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 – s.313 – Power to examine the accused – Law summarized. Co…
Dinesh Kumar vs The State of Haryana
SC · 4 May 2023
[2023] 4 S.C.R. 220 : 2023 INSC 493
Penal Code,1860 – ss.302,364,392,394,201 and 34 – Evidence Act, 1872 – ss.27,101,106 and 165 – The case of prosecution was based on circumstantial evidence i.e. the evidence of ‘last seen’ and the ‘discoveries’ made from…
Jitendra Kumar Rode vs Union of India
SC · 24 April 2023
[2023] 4 S.C.R. 512 : 2023 INSC 419
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1974: s. 385 – Procedure for hearing appeals not dismissed summarily – Conviction and sentence of the appellant-Assistant Commercial Manager, Northern Railway u/s. 7 of PC Act by the trial cou…
Siju Kurian vs State of Karnataka
SC · 17 April 2023
[2023] 4 S.C.R. 397 : 2023 INSC 378
Penal Code, 1860: ss. 302, 201, 404 and 419 – Circumstantial Evidence – Reliance upon – Prosecution case that the accusedlabourer in the farmhouse of the victim, murdered the victim by hitting him with iron rod and then…
Neeraj Dutta vs State (Govt. of N.C.T. of Delhi)
SC · 17 March 2023
[2023] 2 S.C.R. 997 : 2023 INSC 245
Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 : ss. 7, 13(1)(d), 13(2) – Proof of demand of illegal gratification – Prosecution case that a trap was laid and the appellant-Electricity Inspector came with the co-accused and demanded…
Vahitha vs State of Tamil Nadu
SC · 22 February 2023
[2023] 3 S.C.R. 942 : 2023 INSC 151
VAHITHA v. STATE OF TAMIL NADU (Criminal Appeal No. 762 of 2012) FEBRUARY 22, 2023 [DINESH MAHESHWARI AND BELA M. TRIVEDI, JJ.] Penal Code, 1860 – s.302 – Conviction under – Strangulation of child – Prosecution case that…
Prem Singh vs State of NCT of Delhi
SC · 2 January 2023
[2023] 5 S.C.R. 800 : 2023 INSC 3
PREM SINGH v. STATE OF NCT OF DELHI (Criminal Appeal No. 01 of 2023) JANUARY 02, 2023 [DINESH MAHESHWARI AND SUDHANSHU DHULIA, JJ.] Penal Code, 1860 – ss.302, 201 and s.84 – Murder – Disappearance of evidence – Circumsta…
Kalicharan & Ors. vs State of Uttar Pradesh
SC · 14 December 2022
[2022] 16 S.C.R. 56 : 2022 INSC 1277
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 – ss.213, 313 – Failure to comply with the requirements of s.213 and s.313 – The Fast track Court convicted accused nos.1, 2, 3 and 4 for offences punishable u/s. 302, 307 of the IPC alon…
Shailesh And 3 Others vs State Of U.P.
Allahabad HC · 30 September 2022
The accused-appellants (Shailesh, Mahadev, Kuldeep, and Raju) were convicted by the Sessions Judge, Hapur, under Sections 302 read with 34 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, for the murder of Babu Ram. The incident arose on…
Rajbir Singh vs The State of Punjab
SC · 24 August 2022
[2022] 11 S.C.R. 80 : 2022 INSC 858
Penal Code, 1860 – s.302 – Death by poisoning alleged – Circumstantial evidence – As per the prosecution, PW-1-informant’s wife died after consuming the milk brought from the appellant, residing in the neighbourhood and…
Jai Prakash Tiwari vs State of Madhya Pradesh
SC · 4 August 2022
[2022] 10 S.C.R. 198 : 2022 INSC 791
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973: s. 313 – Power to examine the accused – Object and scope of – Held: s. 313 confers a valuable right upon an accused to establish his innocence – Purpose of s. 313 is to provide the accus…
Mohd. Firoz vs State of Madhya Pradesh
SC · 19 April 2022
[2022] 19 S.C.R. 168 : 2022 INSC 429
Penal Code, 1860 – Ss. 302, 376(2)(i), 376(2)(m), 363, 366, 376A – Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (POCSO) – ss. 5 (i), 5 (m), 6 – Evidence Act, 1872 – s. 106 – Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 – ss…
Tedhi Singh vs Narayan Dass Mahant
SC · 7 March 2022
[2022] 4 S.C.R. 442 : 2022 INSC 272
Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881: s.139 – Presumption in favour of holder – Respondent filed complaint stating that appellant was his friend and as he was in urgent need of money, he gave a sum of Rs.7 lakhs – However, ch…
Lochan Shrivas vs The State of Chhattisgarh
SC · 14 December 2021
[2021] 14 S.C.R. 809 : 2021 INSC 882
Penal Code 1860: ss.363, 366, 376(2)(i), 377, 201, 302 and 376A – Prosecution case was that on the fateful day, the minor daughter of complainant was found missing – They went in search for her but she was not found anyw…
Achhar Singh vs State of Himachal Pradesh
SC · 7 May 2021
[2021] 5 S.C.R. 243 : 2021 INSC 289
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973: s. 378 – Appeal in case of acquittal – Exercise of power by the High Court under – On facts, the High Court convicted two accused-appellants for offences u/s. 452, 326 and 323 and u/ss.…
Shivaji Chintappa Patil vs State of Maharashtra
SC · 2 March 2021
[2021] 2 S.C.R. 617 : 2021 INSC 136
Penal Code, 1860: s.302 – Conviction based on circumstantial evidence – Prosecution case was that the appellant was addicted to liquor and used to abuse and beat his wife forcing her to get money from her mother – On the…
Rohtas & Anr. vs State of Haryana
SC · 10 December 2020
[2020] 11 S.C.R. 983 : 2020 INSC 694
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 – ss.211-224, 386 – Alteration of charges – Permissibility of – Seven accused persons (one of whom died during trial) attacked victim-complainant – Six accused persons (including the thre…
Chaman Lal vs The State of Himachal Pradesh
SC · 3 December 2020
[2020] 12 S.C.R. 1000 : 2020 INSC 675
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 – ss.378, 313 – Appeal against acquittal – FIR lodged against appellant-accused alleging that when the prosecutrix used to go to jungle to graze goats and cattle, appellant also used to c…
Sandeep Kumar and Others vs State of Uttarakhand and Another
SC · 2 December 2020
[2020] 13 S.C.R. 848 : 2020 INSC 671
Penal Code, 1860 – s.304B – Dowry Death – Poisoning alleged – Appellants (husband, father-in-law and mother-in-law) acquitted by trial court – Acquittal set aside by High Court – On appeal, held: PW1 (father of the victi…
Jayantilal Verma vs State of M.P. (Now Chhattisgarh)
SC · 19 November 2020
[2020] 12 S.C.R. 411 : 2020 INSC 649
Penal Code, 1860: s. 302 – Death caused by strangulation – In matrimonial house of the deceased – Chargesheet against the husband (appellantaccused) and father-in-law and mother-in-law of the deceased – Trial Court relyi…
Maheshwar Tigga vs The State of Jharkhand
SC · 28 September 2020
[2020] 9 S.C.R. 482 : 2020 INSC 564
Penal Code, 1860: ss.376, 323 and 341 – Prosecution under – Alleging that the accused raped the prosecutrix at the point of knife 4 years ago when she was 14 years old and had continued to establish physical relations wi…

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