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Supreme Court judgments on Section 2, Consumer Protection Act, 1986

24 judgments, latest first, from 2018 to 2026. Listed when the Supreme Court Reports file the judgment's headnote under Section 2 of this Act, as printed at the start of the headnote. Judgments that only mention it in passing are not listed.

Kumud Lall vs Suresh Chandra Roy (Dead) Through Lrs and Others
SC · 4 May 2026
[2026] 5 S.C.R. 301 : 2026 INSC 443
Issue arose whether, upon death of the doctor during pendency of proceedings at appellate stage, the legal heirs can be impleaded and held liable for the alleged act of medical negligence of the deceased doctor, and if y…
Sant Rohidas Leather Industries and Charmakar Development Corporation Ltd. vs Vijaya Bank
SC · 19 March 2026
[2026] 4 S.C.R. 221 : 2026 INSC 264
Whether the appellant, a body corporate, while availing services of the Bank to deposit its surplus funds in an interest bearing term deposit, such as a Fixed Deposit Receipt (FDR), could be considered a consumer as defi…
Vinit Bahri and Another vs M/s MGF Developers Ltd. and Another
SC · 4 February 2026
[2026] 2 S.C.R. 370 : 2026 INSC 114
Whether the NCDRC was right in dismissing the complaint filed by the appellants on the premise that they do not fall under the definition of ‘consumer’ for leasing out the subject property for commercial purposes, fallin…
M/s Poly Medicure Ltd. vs M/s Brillio Technologies Pvt. Ltd
SC · 13 November 2025
[2025] 12 S.C.R. 189 : 2025 INSC 1314
Whether in respect of the goods purchased/services availed, the appellant would qualify as a “consumer” as defined in s.2(1)(d) of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
M/s Citicorp Finance (India) Limited vs Snehasis Nanda
SC · 20 March 2025
[2025] 3 S.C.R. 866 : 2025 INSC 371
Whether on facts, the complainant-respondent would come under the definition of ‘consumer’ in terms of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986; whether any liability rested on the appellant to disburse the entire amount of Rs.…
The Chief Manager, Central Bank of India & Ors. vs M/s Ad Bureau Advertising Pvt. Ltd & Anr.
SC · 28 February 2025
[2025] 2 S.C.R. 1445 : 2025 INSC 288
Issue arose as to whether the borrower of a project loan, falls within the definition of ‘Consumer’ under the provisions of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
Godrej Projects Development Limited vs Anil Karlekar & Ors.
SC · 3 February 2025
[2025] 2 S.C.R. 343 : 2025 INSC 143
Whether the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) was justified in disposing of the consumer complaint filed by the respondents no. 1 and 2 thereby directing the appellant to deduct only 10% of the Basi…
Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corp. Ltd. vs Awaz & Ors.
SC · 20 December 2024
[2024] 12 S.C.R. 1482 : 2024 INSC 1044
(i) Whether the Respondent organization had the locus to approach the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC); (ii) Whether the NCDRC had the jurisdiction to interfere with banking operations, which is th…
M/s Daimler Chrysler India Pvt. Ltd. vs M/s Controls & Switchgear Company Ltd. & Anr.
SC · 9 July 2024
[2024] 7 S.C.R. 416 : 2024 INSC 496
Issue arose as regards the purchase of a vehicle/good by a Company for the use/personal use of its directors, if would amount to purchase for “commercial purpose” within the meaning of s. 2(1) (d) of the Consumer Protect…
Shriram Chits (India) Private Limited Earlier Known as Shriram Chits (K) Pvt. Ltd vs Raghachand Associates
SC · 10 May 2024
[2024] 6 S.C.R. 214 : 2024 INSC 403
Matter pertains to the maintainability of the complaint, whether the service obtained by the complainant was for a commercial purpose.
National Insurance Co. Ltd. vs Harsolia Motors and Others
SC · 13 April 2023
[2023] 3 S.C.R. 448 : 2023 INSC 367
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 – s.2(1)(d) – Respondent (commercial enterprise) had taken fire insurance policy from the appellant insurance company – Respondent sufferred damage due to fire – Appellant denied the claim o…
The Chairman & Managing Director, City Union Bank Ltd. & Anr. vs R. Chandramohan
SC · 27 March 2023
[2023] 3 S.C.R. 688 : 2023 INSC 300
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 – s.2(1)(g) – Respondentcomplainant filed a complaint against the appellants-bank alleging that two demand drafts of Rs.5 lakhs and Rs.3 lakhs, totalling Rs.8 lakhs, were not credited to his…
M/s Texco Marketing Pvt. Ltd. vs Tata Aig General Insurance Company Ltd. & Ors.
SC · 9 November 2022
[2022] 9 S.C.R. 1031 : 2022 INSC 1186
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 – ss. 2(1)(g), 2(1)(r), 3 & 14 – Consumer Protection Regulations, 2005 – Consumer Protection Act, 2019 – ss. 2(46), 2(47), 47, 49 & 59 – Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (Prote…
Shrikant G. Mantri vs Punjab National Bank
SC · 22 February 2022
[2022] 5 S.C.R. 945 : 2022 INSC 217
Consumer Protection Act, 1986: ss. 2(1)(d), 2(1)(d)(i), 2(1)(d)(ii) – Appellant was a stock-broker by profession – He was also acting as stock broker for respondent bank – Appellant took overdraft facility from responden…
Samruddhi Co-Operative Housing Society Ltd. vs Mumbai Mahalaxmi Construction Pvt. Ltd.
SC · 11 January 2022
[2022] 2 S.C.R. 376 : 2022 INSC 33
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 – ss.2(1)(d), 2(1)(g) and 24A – Maharashtra Ownership Flats (Regulation of the Promotion of Construction, Sale, Management and Transfer) Act, 1963 – ss. 3,6 – Respondent made constructions a…
Jacob Punnen & Anr. vs United India Insurance Co. Ltd.
SC · 9 December 2021
[2021] 9 S.C.R. 787 : 2021 INSC 853
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 – s.2(g) – Insurance policy – Renewal of – Limitations imposed on Insurer’s liability – Nondisclosure by Insurer – Deficiency in service – Appellants had an annual medical insurance policy w…
Khatema Fibres Ltd. vs New India Assurance Company Ltd. & Anr.
SC · 28 September 2021
[2021] 9 S.C.R. 268 : 2021 INSC 565
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 – ss. 23 and 2(1)(g) – Surveyor’s Report – Assessment of loss – Correctness of – Accidental fire in the factory of complainant – Waste paper destroyed by fire – Claim raised by complainant e…
Wg. Cdr. Arifur Rahman Khan and Aleya Sultana and Ors. vs Dlf Southern Homes Pvt Ltd. (Now Known As Begur Omr Homes Pvt. Ltd.) and Ors.
SC · 24 August 2020
[2020] 9 S.C.R. 136 : 2020 INSC 503
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 – s.2(1)(g) – Deficiency of service – Complaint by flat buyers seeking compensation inter alia alleged delay in handing over possession of the flats – Dismissed by NCDRC – On appeal, held: F…
M/s Nandan Biomatrix Ltd. vs S.Ambika Devi & Ors.
SC · 6 March 2020
[2020] 5 S.C.R. 344 : 2020 INSC 289
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 – s.2(d) – The complainant respondent entered into a tripartite agreement with the appellant and its franchisee – As per the agreement, the respondent purchased 750 kgs of wet musli for sowi…
Sobha Hibiscus Condominium vs Managing Director, M/s. Sobha Developers Ltd. & Anr.
SC · 14 February 2020
[2020] 3 S.C.R. 824 : 2020 INSC 189
Consumer Protection Act, 1986: s.2(1)(d) and s.12(1) and its Explanation – Consumer – Meaning of – Appellant is a statutory body under the provisions of Karnataka Apartment Ownership Act, 1972 – It consisted of members o…
Canara Bank vs M/s United India Insurance Co. Ltd. & Ors.
SC · 6 February 2020
[2020] 7 S.C.R. 498 : 2020 INSC 140
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 – s.2(d) – “Beneficiary” under the insurance policy availed by the insured, if “consumer” under the Act – Tripartite agreement between farmers, Bank and cold store – Farmers’ agricultural pr…
Star India (P) Ltd. vs Society of Catalysts & Anr.
SC · 23 January 2020
[2020] 2 S.C.R. 1188 : 2020 INSC 81
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 – s.2(1)(r)(3)(a) – Unfair trade practice – A television channel-Star India (P) Ltd used to broadcast the programme ‘KBC’ and the programme was sponsored by a cellular mobile service provide…
The Secretary, Ministry of Commerce & Ors. vs M/s Vinod and Company
SC · 11 July 2019
[2019] 10 S.C.R. 560 : 2019 INSC 750
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 – s. 2(d), 2(g) and 2(o) – Respondent applied for the grant of an REP licence for which it was entitled to a premium on the amount of exports under the scheme – Scheme for the issuance of RE…
Rameshwar Prasad Shrivastava and Ors. vs Dwarkadhis Projects Pvt. Ltd. and Ors.
SC · 7 December 2018
[2018] 14 S.C.R. 1118 : 2018 INSC 1167
Consumer Protection Act, 1986: ss. 2(1)(b)(iv), 12(c) and 13(6) – Expression in s. 2(1)(b)(iv) “one or more consumers where there are numerous consumers having the same interest” – Interpretation of – Complaint referable…

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